Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Class 11 · Chemistry · 34 Questions
What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds? CH₂=C=O, CH₃CH=CH₂, (CH₃)₂CO, CH₂=CHCN, C₆H₆
Write bond line formulas for: Isopropyl alcohol, 2,3-Dimethylbutanal, Heptan-4-one.
Draw formulas for the first five members of each homologous series beginning with the following compounds. (a) H–COOH (b) CH₃COCH₃ (c) H–CH=CH₂
Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional group(s) present, if any, for: (a) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (b) 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid (c) Hexanedial
Identify the functional groups in the following compounds: (a) C₆H₆OH (b) OCH₂CH₂N(C₂H₅)₂ (c) CH=CHNO₂
Which of the two: O₂NCH₂CH₂O⁻ or CH₃CH₂O⁻ is expected to be more stable and why?
Explain why alkyl groups act as electron donors when attached to a π system.
What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples.
Identify the reagents shown in bold in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles: (a) CH₃COOH + HO⁻ → CH₃COO⁻ + H₂O (b) CH₃COCH₃ + CN⁻ → (CH₃)₂C(CN)(OH) (c) C₆H₆ + CH₃CO⁺ → C₆H₅COCH₃
Classify the following reactions in one of the reaction type studied in this unit. (a) CH₃CH₂Br + HS⁻ → CH₃CH₂SH + Br⁻ (b) (CH₃)₂C = CH₂ + HCl → (CH₃)₂CCl - CH₃ (c) CH₃CH₂Br + HO⁻ → CH₂ = CH₂ + H₂O + Br⁻ (d) (CH₃)₃C-CH₂OH + HBr → (CH₃)₂CBrCH₂CH₂CH₃ + H₂O
Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids? (a) Cl₃CCOOH > Cl₂CHCOOH > ClCH₂COOH (b) CH₃CH₂COOH > (CH₃)₂CHCOOH > (CH₃)₃C.COOH
Give a brief description of the principles of the following techniques taking an example in each case. (a) Crystallisation (b) Distillation (c) Chromatography
Describe the method, which can be used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent S.
What is the difference between distillation, distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation?
Discuss the chemistry of Lassaigne’s test.
Differentiate between the principle of estimation of nitrogen in an organic compound by (i) Dumas method and (ii) Kjeldahl’s method.
Discuss the principle of estimation of halogens, sulphur and phosphorus present in an organic compound.
Explain the principle of paper chromatography.
Why is nitric acid added to sodium extract before adding silver nitrate for testing halogens?
Explain the reason for the fusion of an organic compound with metallic sodium for testing nitrogen, sulphur and halogens.