Question 4 of 34intermediate🔧 ApplyShort Answer3 marks

Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional group(s) present, if any, for: (a) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (b) 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid (c) Hexanedial

(a)
Answer

(a) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Condensed formula: (CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)CH3(CH_3)_3CCH_2CH(CH_3)CH_3 Bond-line formula: A zig-zag line of 5 carbons, with two methyl branches at the second carbon and one methyl branch at the fourth carbon. Functional group: None (it is an alkane).

(b)
Answer

(b) 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid Condensed formula: HOOCCH2C(OH)(COOH)COOHHOOCCH_2C(OH)(COOH)COOH Bond-line formula: A 3-carbon zig-zag chain with COOHCOOH groups at C1 and C3, and an OHOH and COOHCOOH group at C2. Functional groups: Carboxylic acid (−COOH-COOH) and hydroxyl (−OH-OH).

(c)
Answer

(c) Hexanedial Condensed formula: OHC(CH2)4CHOOHC(CH_2)_4CHO Bond-line formula: A 6-carbon zig-zag chain with CHOCHO groups at both terminal carbons. Functional group: Aldehyde (−CHO-CHO).

Explanation

The condensed formula lists all atoms sequentially, while the bond-line formula uses a zig-zag line where line junctions denote carbon atoms and terminals denote methyl groups unless a functional group is specified. Functional groups are the specific atoms or groups of atoms responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of the compound.

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