Question 22 of 25advanced🔧 ApplyLong Answer5 marks

The midpoints of the sides of triangle ABCABC are the points DD, EE, and FF. Given that the coordinates of DD, EE, and FF are (5,1)(5, 1), (6,5)(6, 5), and (0,3)(0, 3), respectively, find the coordinates of AA, BB and CC.

Correct Answer

To find the coordinates of vertices AA, BB, and CC, we use the midpoint connection. If MM is the midpoint of a segment with endpoints (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1) and (x2,y2)(x_2, y_2), its coordinates are:

M=(x1+x22,y1+y22)M = \left( \frac{x_1 + x_2}{2}, \frac{y_1 + y_2}{2} \right)

Let AA, BB, and CC be (xA,yA)(x_A, y_A), (xB,yB)(x_B, y_B), and (xC,yC)(x_C, y_C). Given D(5,1)D(5, 1), E(6,5)E(6, 5), and F(0,3)F(0, 3) are midpoints of BCBC, ACAC, and ABAB, we write equations for xx-coordinates:

Equation 1:

xB+xC2=5\frac{x_B + x_C}{2} = 5

Equation 2:

xA+xC2=6\frac{x_A + x_C}{2} = 6

Equation 3:

xA+xB2=0\frac{x_A + x_B}{2} = 0

Step 1: Find the sum of xx-coordinates.

Adding the three equations:

2xA+2xB+2xC2=5+6+0\frac{2x_A + 2x_B + 2x_C}{2} = 5 + 6 + 0

This simplifies to:

xA+xB+xC=11x_A + x_B + x_C = 11

Step 2: Calculate individual xx-coordinates.

Subtracting each equation from the sum gives:

xA=11−2(5)=1x_A = 11 - 2(5) = 1 xB=11−2(6)=−1x_B = 11 - 2(6) = -1 xC=11−2(0)=11x_C = 11 - 2(0) = 11

Step 3: Find the sum and individual yy-coordinates.

For yy-coordinates:

yB+yC2=1\frac{y_B + y_C}{2} = 1 yA+yC2=5\frac{y_A + y_C}{2} = 5 yA+yB2=3\frac{y_A + y_B}{2} = 3

Adding gives:

yA+yB+yC=9y_A + y_B + y_C = 9

Subtracting each gives:

yA=9−2(1)=7y_A = 9 - 2(1) = 7 yB=9−2(5)=−1y_B = 9 - 2(5) = -1 yC=9−2(3)=3y_C = 9 - 2(3) = 3

∴ The vertices are A(1,7)A(1, 7), B(−1,−1)B(-1, -1), and C(11,3)C(11, 3).

Exercise: END-OF-CHAPTER EXERCISES | Q: *13 | (Page 13)
For More Understanding

Explanation

The question requires applying the midpoint formula in reverse. The textbook context introduces the connection between the coordinates of a midpoint and its endpoints, specifically asking students to find an endpoint given the midpoint and the other endpoint.

By setting up a system of equations based on this midpoint connection for all three sides of the triangle and adding them together, we can easily find the sum of the coordinates of the vertices, which then allows us to solve for each vertex individually by subtracting the known midpoint equations.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Set up equations using the midpoint formula for DD, EE, FF as midpoints of BCBC, ACAC, ABAB.

  2. Step 2: Add the xx-coordinate equations to find xA+xB+xC=11x_A + x_B + x_C = 11.

  3. Step 3: Subtract each xx-coordinate equation from the sum to find xA=1x_A = 1, xB=−1x_B = -1, xC=11x_C = 11.

  4. Step 4: Add the yy-coordinate equations to find yA+yB+yC=9y_A + y_B + y_C = 9.

  5. Step 5: Subtract each yy-coordinate equation from the sum to find yA=7y_A = 7, yB=−1y_B = -1, yC=3y_C = 3.