Question 21 of 25advanced🔧 ApplyLong Answer5 marks

Let PP, QQ be points of trisection of ABAB, with PP closer to AA, and QQ closer to BB. Using your knowledge of how to find the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment, how would you find the coordinates of PP and QQ? Do this for the case when the points are A (4, 7)A\,(4,\,7) and B (16, −2)B\,(16,\,{-2}).

Correct Answer

To find the coordinates of the points of trisection, we extend the logic used for finding the midpoint of a segment. The midpoint formula finds the average of the x-coordinates and y-coordinates of the two endpoints. For trisection, we divide the segment into three equal parts, meaning we need to find the average of three coordinates.

Since point P is closer to AA, it divides ABAB in the ratio 1:21{:}2. We can find PP by taking the average of the coordinates of AA, AA, and BB (counting AA twice because it is closer). Similarly, point Q is closer to BB, dividing ABAB in the ratio 2:12{:}1, so we average the coordinates of AA, BB, and BB (counting BB twice).

Step 1: Calculate coordinates of P

Px=4+4+163=243=8P_x = \frac{4 + 4 + 16}{3} = \frac{24}{3} = 8 Py=7+7+(−2)3=123=4P_y = \frac{7 + 7 + (-2)}{3} = \frac{12}{3} = 4

So, P=(8, 4)P = (8,\,4).

Step 2: Calculate coordinates of Q

Qx=4+16+163=363=12Q_x = \frac{4 + 16 + 16}{3} = \frac{36}{3} = 12 Qy=7+(−2)+(−2)3=33=1Q_y = \frac{7 + (-2) + (-2)}{3} = \frac{3}{3} = 1

So, Q=(12, 1)Q = (12,\,1).

Thus, the points of trisection of the segment ABAB are P (8, 4)P\,(8,\,4) and Q (12, 1)Q\,(12,\,1). This method effectively generalizes the midpoint averaging concept to divide the segment into three equal parts.

Exercise: END-OF-CHAPTER EXERCISES | Q: *11 | (Page 13)
For More Understanding

Explanation

The textbook prompts students to use their knowledge of midpoints to find points of trisection. The midpoint of STST is found by averaging the coordinates of SS and TT.

Extending this logic, a point of trisection divides the segment into three equal parts, which can be found by averaging three coordinates. Since PP is closer to AA, AA's coordinates are counted twice in the average. Since QQ is closer to BB, BB's coordinates are counted twice.

This builds conceptual understanding before formally introducing the section formula.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Identify that the midpoint is the average of two coordinates; for trisection, find the average of three coordinates, counting the closer endpoint twice.

  2. Step 2: For PP (closer to AA), average AA, AA, and BB:

    Px=4+4+163=8,Py=7+7−23=4P_x = \frac{4+4+16}{3} = 8, \quad P_y = \frac{7+7-2}{3} = 4

    So, P=(8, 4)P = (8,\,4).

  3. Step 3: For QQ (closer to BB), average AA, BB, and BB:

    Qx=4+16+163=12,Qy=7−2−23=1Q_x = \frac{4+16+16}{3} = 12, \quad Q_y = \frac{7-2-2}{3} = 1

    So, Q=(12, 1)Q = (12,\,1).