Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Write the structures of the following compounds. (i) α-Methoxypropionaldehyde (ii) 3-Hydroxybutanal (iii) 2-Hydroxycyclopentane carbaldehyde (iv) 4-Oxopentanal (v) Di-sec. butyl ketone (vi) 4-Fluoroacetophenone

Write the structures of products of the following reactions:

Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their boiling points: CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH, H₅C₂-O-C₂H₅, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions. (i) Ethanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone. (ii) Benzaldehyde, p-Tolualdehyde, p-Nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone.

Predict the products of the following reactions:

Show how each of the following compounds can be converted to benzoic acid. (i) Ethylbenzene (ii) Acetophenone (iii) Bromobenzene (iv) Phenylethene (Styrene)

Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger? (i) CH₃CO₂H or CH₂FCO₂H (ii) CH₂FCO₂H or CH₂ClCO₂H (iii) CH₂FCH₂CH₂CO₂H or CH₃CHFCH₂CO₂H (iv) F₃C COOH or H₃C COOH

What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case. (i) Cyanohydrin (ii) Acetal (iii) Semicarbazone (iv) Aldol (v) Hemiacetal (vi) Oxime (vii) Ketal (viii) Imine (ix) 2,4-DNP-derivative (x) Schiff's base

Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature: (i) CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CHO (ii) CH₃CH₂COCH(C₂H₅)CH₂CH₂Cl (iii) CH₃CH=CHCHO (iv) CH₃COCH₂COCH₃ (v) CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂C(CH₃)₂COCH₃ (vi) (CH₃)₃CCH₂COOH (vii) OHCC₆H₄CHO-p

Draw the structures of the following compounds. (i) 3-Methylbutanal (ii) p-Nitropropiophenone (iii) p-Methylbenzaldehyde (iv) 4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one (v) 4-Chloropentan-2-one (vi) 3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid (vii) p,p'-Dihydroxybenzophenone (viii) Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid

Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names. (i) CH₃CO(CH₂)₄CH₃ (ii) CH₃CH₂CHBrCH₂CH(CH₃)CHO (iii) CH₃(CH₂)₅CHO (iv) Ph-CH=CH-CHO (v) PhCOPh

Draw structures of the following derivatives. (i) The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde (ii) Cyclopropanone oxime (iii) Acetaldehydedimethylacetal (iv) The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone (v) The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one (vi) The methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde

Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents. (i) PhMgBr and then H₃O⁺ (ii) Tollens' reagent (iii) Semicarbazide and weak acid (iv) Excess ethanol and acid (v) Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid

Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction. (i) Methanal (ii) 2-Methylpentanal (iii) Benzaldehyde (iv) Benzophenone (v) Cyclohexanone (vi) 1-Phenylpropanone (vii) Phenylacetaldehyde (viii) Butan-1-ol (ix) 2,2-Dimethylbutanal

How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds? (i) Butane-1,3-diol (ii) But-2-enal (iii) But-2-enoic acid

Write structural formulas and names of four possible aldol condensation products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile.

An organic compound with the molecular formula C₉H₁₀O forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens' reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation, it gives 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound.

An organic compound (A) (molecular formula C₈H₁₆O₂) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid produced (B). (C) on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write equations for the reactions involved.

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated: (i) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone (reactivity towards HCN) (ii) CH₃CH₂CH(Br)COOH, CH₃CH(Br)CH₂COOH, (CH₃)₂CHCOOH, CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH (acid strength) (iii) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4-Methoxybenzoic acid (acid strength)

Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds. (i) Propanal and Propanone (ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone (iii) Phenol and Benzoic acid (iv) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate (v) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one (vi) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone (vii) Ethanal and Propanal