List the harmful effects caused by alcohol/drug abuse.
The harmful effects caused by alcohol/drug abuse are:
Immediate effects include reckless behaviour, vandalism, and violence. Excessive doses may lead to coma and death due to respiratory failure, heart failure, or cerebral hemorrhage. A combination of drugs or intake with alcohol can result in overdosing and deaths.
Psychological and behavioural effects among youth include drop in academic performance, unexplained absence, lack of personal hygiene, withdrawal, isolation, depression, fatigue, aggressive behaviour, deteriorating relationships, and changes in sleeping and eating habits.
Long-term effects include damage to the nervous system and liver (cirrhosis). Those taking drugs intravenously risk acquiring AIDS and Hepatitis B through shared needles. Abuse during pregnancy adversely affects the foetus. Dependence leads to unpleasant withdrawal syndrome (anxiety, shakiness, nausea, sweating) and causes mental/financial distress to family. Addicts may resort to stealing and face social adjustment problems.
Explanation
This answer is structured to cover all major harmful effects mentioned in NCERT Chapter 8 (Human Health and Disease), Section 7.5.3. The effects are categorized into immediate, behavioural, and long-term consequences for better presentation. Key terms like 'coma', 'cirrhosis', 'withdrawal syndrome', 'AIDS', and 'Hepatitis B' are bolded as they are important marking points examiners look for.
Solution Steps
Step 1: Identify immediate physical and behavioural effects from the context
Step 2: List psychological warning signs and social implications
Step 3: Include long-term health consequences and withdrawal symptoms
Step 4: Organize into clear paragraphs with bolded key terms for exam presentation