(i) A social learning theorist would account for a phobic fear of lizards or cockroaches through the principles of behaviour therapy, which postulates that faulty learning leads to maladaptive behaviours and psychological problems. Specifically, the theorist would explain the phobia using the concept of vicarious learning, which is learning by observing others. The individual may have acquired the fear by observing a role model or a parent reacting with extreme fear to lizards or cockroaches. Through the process of observing and imitating the behaviour of a model, the client gradually learns to acquire the phobic behaviour. This represents a faulty conditioning pattern where the fear is maintained through learned responses.

(ii) Conversely, a psychoanalyst would account for the same phobia by exploring the individual's past. In psychodynamic therapy, it is postulated that unfulfilled desires of childhood and unresolved childhood fears lead to intrapsychic conflicts. Therefore, the psychoanalyst would view the phobic fear of lizards or cockroaches as a manifestation of these deeper, unresolved childhood fears and internal conflicts, rather than just a simple learned behaviour.