The concept of sustainable development emerged in the late 1960s due to rising awareness of environmental issues caused by industrial development. It was formally defined by the Brundtland Report (1987) as a “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

This concept argues that development should not be limited to economic growth but must also address ecological, social, and economic aspects. It signifies a positive, irreversible transformation of the economy, society, and environment, ensuring that the well-being and living standards of people are improved without depleting resources for the future.