The textbook context provides examples of different data types. Unstructured data includes 'Images, graphics, animations, audio, video' and 'Online posts, comments and messages' which do not follow a predefined format. Structured data includes 'Name, age, gender, contact details, etc., of a person' and 'Transactions data' which follow a well-defined format and structure. Recording a video generates video data (unstructured). Marking attendance involves names and status in a structured format. Writing tweets are online posts (unstructured). Filling an online application form collects personal details in a structured format.