From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
DNA is bigger in molecular size compared to enzymes.
This can be understood from the context which describes DNA as "long molecules" on which genes are located. DNA is the genetic material enclosed within membranes and exists as a large macromolecule intertwined with proteins like histones. On the other hand, enzymes (such as restriction endonucleases, lysozyme, cellulase, chitinase, ribonuclease, protease mentioned in the text) are proteins that act upon DNA and other molecules. The fact that restriction enzymes cut DNA into fragments that can then be separated by size indicates that the original DNA molecule is much larger than the enzyme that cuts it. Enzymes are tools that recognize and act on specific sites on the much longer DNA molecule.
Explanation
The textbook context describes DNA as 'long molecules' containing genes, while enzymes like restriction endonucleases are proteins that cut DNA. The description of DNA being cut into fragments by enzymes, and the need to separate these fragments by gel electrophoresis based on size, indicates DNA is a much larger molecule. Additionally, DNA is described as a macromolecule that needs purification from other cellular components, further supporting its larger size compared to enzyme proteins.
Solution Steps
Step 1: Identify how DNA is described in the context - as 'long molecules' with genes located on them
Step 2: Note that enzymes (restriction enzymes, lysozyme, etc.) are proteins that act on DNA and other molecules
Step 3: Conclude that DNA is larger since enzymes cut DNA into fragments, meaning the DNA molecule is much larger than the enzyme acting on it