Digrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli?
Diagram: Cloning and Expression of Human Gene (e.g., Growth Hormone) in E. coli
Step 1: Isolation of Human Gene → Isolate the gene for growth hormone from human DNA
Step 2: Insertion into Plasmid Vector → Prepare DNA sequence corresponding to the gene → Introduce the gene into plasmids of E. coli
Step 3: Introduction into Host Cell → Transfer the recombinant plasmid into bacterial cells
Step 4: Multiplication/Cloning → Bacteria multiply, creating copies of the gene
Step 5: Expression and Extraction → Bacteria produce the gene product (protein chains) → Extract the produced protein → If needed (as in insulin), combine chains to form functional product
[Diagram would show: Human DNA → Gene isolation → Insertion into Plasmid → Plasmid in E. coli → Bacterial multiplication → Protein production → Extraction]
Note: The recombinant therapeutics produced are identical to human proteins and do not induce unwanted immunological responses.
Explanation
The question asks for a diagrammatic representation of cloning and expressing a human gene in bacteria. The context provides the example of human insulin production by Eli Lilly in 1983, where DNA sequences corresponding to insulin chains A and B were introduced into E. coli plasmids. The chains were produced separately, extracted, and combined to form human insulin. This same principle applies to other human genes like growth hormone. The context emphasizes that recombinant therapeutics made in bacteria are identical to natural human proteins.
Solution Steps
Step 1: Identify the relevant example from context - human insulin production in E. coli
Step 2: Extract the key steps mentioned: DNA sequence preparation, introduction into plasmids, production, extraction
Step 3: Apply this model to growth hormone gene cloning
Step 4: Organize into diagrammatic flow with proper labels