Question 8 of 18beginner💡 UnderstandShort Answer2 marks

What do you understand by ‘hotspots’?

Correct Answer

Hotspots are regions identified for maximum protection that exhibit very high levels of species richness and a high degree of endemism (species confined to that region and not found anywhere else). The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) has identified these areas to concentrate resources on regions that are most vulnerable.

These hotspots are also regions of accelerated habitat loss. Initially, 25 biodiversity hotspots were identified, but subsequently nine more were added, bringing the total number to 34. Collectively, all biodiversity hotspots cover less than 2 per cent of the earth's land area. Hotspots are defined according to their vegetation, as plants determine the primary productivity of an ecosystem. Three hotspots – Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma and Himalaya – cover India's exceptionally high biodiversity regions.

Exercise: EXERCISES | Q: 2(iii) | (Page 7)
For More Understanding

Explanation

This answer is based on the NCERT Biology textbook's discussion of biodiversity hotspots under In situ conservation. The textbook defines hotspots based on three key criteria: species richness, endemism, and accelerated habitat loss. The IUCN identifies these regions to prioritize conservation efforts where they are most needed. The mention of India's three hotspots is directly from the text.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Define hotspots as regions with high species richness and endemism

  2. Step 2: Mention the role of IUCN in identifying hotspots

  3. Step 3: State the total number of hotspots (34) and their limited coverage (<2% of earth)

  4. Step 4: Note that hotspots are defined by vegetation and face habitat loss

  5. Step 5: List India's three hotspots - Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma, and Himalaya

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