Nationalism, despite being a compelling political creed, has several limitations that cannot be overlooked.

First, nationalism has the tendency to divide people rather than only unite them. While it can inspire intense loyalties, it has also generated deep hatreds among different groups. This divisive nature has been a cause of bitterness and conflict between communities.

Second, nationalism has been responsible for causing wars. Though it has helped liberate people from oppressive rule, it has equally been the cause of violent conflicts. The history of the last two centuries shows how nationalist aspirations have led to warfare and destruction.

Third, nationalism has been a factor in the break up of empires and states. While the disintegration of oppressive empires may seem positive, it has also led to political instability. The process of re-ordering state boundaries has not ended peacefully, and separatist struggles within existing states remain common even today.

Finally, nationalism can create exclusive identities that prioritise one nation over others. This has resulted in the drawing and redrawing of boundaries, often through force rather than peaceful negotiation.

Thus, while nationalism remains a powerful force shaping history, its limitations lie in its capacity to generate hatred, conflict, wars, and political instability alongside its unifying potential.