The question of whether Basque nationalists are justified is complex and can be argued from both sides.

On one hand, they appear justified because their culture is very different from Spanish culture, with their own distinct language that does not resemble Spanish. Historically, the Basque region never surrendered its autonomy to Spanish rulers. The repressive measures by the Spanish dictator Franco, who banned the Basque language in public places and homes, created deep mistrust among the people.

On the other hand, opponents argue that the issue is already resolved as the region is now recognised as an autonomous region within Spain and repressive measures have been withdrawn. They claim separatists are trying to make political gains from a settled issue. Thus, the justification depends on whether one prioritises historical cultural identity or current constitutional arrangements.