I support the view that equality is natural and that the inequalities we notice around us are largely created by society. While natural inequalities exist as a result of different capabilities and talents with which people are born, these are limited in scope.

Social inequalities are more significant and problematic. These emerge as a consequence of inequalities of opportunity or the exploitation of some groups in a society by others. For instance, societies may value intellectual work over manual work and reward them differently, or treat people differently based on race, colour, gender, or caste.

Such differences reflect the values of a society and many of these appear unjust. While natural differences are generally assumed to be unalterable, social inequalities can be challenged and changed since they are human creations.

Many theorists today differentiate between inequalities arising from our choices and those operating on account of the family or circumstance in which a person is born. It is the latter that concerns advocates of equality, who wish to minimise and eliminate such inequalities.

Thus, while natural differences exist, the widespread inequalities we observe—of wealth, opportunities, work situations, and power—are largely socially produced and can be addressed through social and political action.