Draw the structures for the following compounds.
Ethanoic acid
Ethanoic acid: CH₃COOH (Structure: H₃C-COOH, a 2-carbon carboxylic acid)
Bromopentane* (*Are structural isomers possible for bromopentane?)
Bromopentane: CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Br (1-bromopentane). Yes, structural isomers are possible for bromopentane. As stated in the context, compounds with identical molecular formula but different structures are called structural isomers. The bromine atom can be attached to different carbon atoms (position isomers), and the pentane chain itself can be arranged as straight or branched (chain isomers).
Butanone
Butanone: CH₃COCH₂CH₃ (Structure: a 4-carbon ketone with C=O group between second and third carbon)
Hexanal
Hexanal: CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CHO (Structure: a 6-carbon aldehyde with CHO group at the end)
Explanation
Using Table 4.4 nomenclature rules from the context: (i) Ethanoic acid is a carboxylic acid with suffix '-oic acid' having 2 carbons. (ii) Bromopentane is a haloalkane with 'bromo' prefix on a 5-carbon chain. The context explains structural isomers using butane (C₄H₁₀) as an example, showing different 'skeletons' are possible. Similarly, bromopentane can have position isomers (Br at different positions) and chain isomers (straight/branched). (iii) Butanone is a ketone with suffix '-one' having 4 carbons. (iv) Hexanal is an aldehyde with suffix '-al' having 6 carbons.