A bag contains lemon flavoured candies only. Malini takes out one candy without looking into the bag. What is the probability that she takes out (i) an orange flavoured candy? (ii) a lemon flavoured candy?
Since the bag contains lemon flavoured candies only, there are no orange flavoured candies in the bag. Therefore, P(orange flavoured candy) = 0
Since the bag contains lemon flavoured candies only, every candy is lemon flavoured. Therefore, P(lemon flavoured candy) = 1
Explanation
This question tests the concept of impossible and sure events in probability. When the bag contains ONLY lemon flavoured candies: (i) Getting an orange candy is impossible since no such candy exists in the bag, hence probability = 0; (ii) Getting a lemon candy is certain since all candies are lemon flavoured, hence probability = 1. The textbook shows in Example 1 that P(E) = Number of favourable outcomes / Total possible outcomes.