In many animals, the young ones can walk or find food soon after birth but human babies are completely dependent for a long time. What might be some advantages and disadvantages of this for humans as a species?
Human babies are completely dependent for a long time because the embryo develops inside the mother's body and requires an extended period of post-birth care. An advantage of this is that mothers can feed young ones via breast milk, providing complete nutrition and protecting the infant from many diseases.
Additionally, this dependency allows parents to provide essential care, such as keeping the newborn warm, vaccinating on time, and handling them gently, ensuring healthy growth.
However, a major disadvantage is the strain on the parents, especially the mother. The mother requires nutritious food and adequate rest, and must avoid harmful habits. Since the health of the mother and baby are closely connected, this demands significant resources and continuous support.
Explanation
The textbook context highlights that extended post-birth care in humans allows for breastfeeding, which provides complete nutrition and disease protection, along with essential care like warmth and vaccination. The disadvantage is the significant strain on the mother, who needs nutritious food, rest, and must avoid harmful habits, making the health of both closely connected and resource-intensive.