Question 40 of 42advanced🔍 AnalyzeLong Answer5 marks

Show that the area of a kite is half the product of its diagonals. Show this: (i) using algebra, and (ii) using geometry.

(i)
Answer

Let the diagonals of the kite be d1d_1 and d2d_2. The diagonals of a kite intersect at right angles, and one diagonal (d2d_2) is bisected. Let the segments of d1d_1 be xx and yy, so d1=x+yd_1 = x + y.

The kite is divided into two triangles with the same base d2d_2 and heights xx and yy. The area of the kite is the sum of the areas of these two triangles:

12×d2×x+12×d2×y=12×d2×(x+y)=12×d1×d2\frac{1}{2} \times d_2 \times x + \frac{1}{2} \times d_2 \times y = \frac{1}{2} \times d_2 \times (x + y) = \frac{1}{2} \times d_1 \times d_2

∴ The area of the kite is 12×d1×d2\frac{1}{2} \times d_1 \times d_2.

(ii)
Answer

The diagonals divide the kite into four right-angled triangles. The two triangles on either side of segment yy are congruent, and the two on either side of xx are congruent.

The area of the two triangles with height xx is:

2×[12×d22×x]=12×d2×x2 \times \left[\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{d_2}{2} \times x\right] = \frac{1}{2} \times d_2 \times x

The area of the two triangles with height yy is:

2×[12×d22×y]=12×d2×y2 \times \left[\frac{1}{2} \times \frac{d_2}{2} \times y\right] = \frac{1}{2} \times d_2 \times y

Total area of the kite:

12×d2×x+12×d2×y=12×d2×(x+y)=12×d1×d2\frac{1}{2} \times d_2 \times x + \frac{1}{2} \times d_2 \times y = \frac{1}{2} \times d_2 \times (x + y) = \frac{1}{2} \times d_1 \times d_2

∴ The area of the kite is 12×d1×d2\frac{1}{2} \times d_1 \times d_2.

Explanation

The question asks to prove the area of a kite is half the product of its diagonals. Using algebra, we divide the kite into two triangles sharing the bisected diagonal as the base. Using geometry, we divide it into four right-angled triangles using both diagonals.

Both methods utilize the basic formula for the area of a triangle, 12×base×height\frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height}, and the properties of a kite (diagonals intersect at right angles, and one diagonal is bisected) to arrive at the same result.