Name five ecosystem functions that serve humans.
Five ecosystem functions that serve humans are:
Trees and plants naturally produce oxygen that humans need for breathing—a mature tree produces about 275 litres of oxygen per day.
Forests naturally filter water, providing clean water for human use.
Forests prevent soil erosion, protecting farmland and preventing landslides.
Forests and natural habitats provide shelter and food for animals, including pollinators essential for agriculture.
Decomposition by bacteria, fungi, and insects breaks down organic matter and enriches soil, enabling plant growth for food.
When these natural processes benefit humans, they are called 'ecosystem services.'
Explanation
The chapter explains ecosystem functions and services on page 7 in the 'Don't Miss Out' box. It defines ecosystem functions as Nature's inherent ways of working, and ecosystem services as when these natural processes benefit humans. The examples given include oxygen production, water filtration, soil erosion prevention, habitat provision, and pollination.
Solution Steps
Trees and plants produce oxygen for breathing.
Forests filter water to provide clean water for human use.
Forests prevent soil erosion, protecting farmland and preventing landslides.
Forests and natural habitats provide shelter and food for animals and pollinators.
Decomposition by bacteria, fungi, and insects enriches soil for plant growth.
Natural processes that benefit humans are called ecosystem services.