A thunderstorm is a storm accompanied by lightning and thunder.

The formation process begins when land gets heated, causing warm and moist air to rise, creating a low-pressure area.

Cooler air from surrounding high-pressure regions flows in to replace the rising air and gets heated in turn, creating continuous wind circulation.

As the rising air expands and cools, moisture condenses to form water droplets, creating clouds. These droplets merge to form heavier drops that fall as rain, hail, or snow.

Strong winds blowing upwards and downwards cause rubbing between water droplets and ice particles, creating static electric charges. Positively charged lighter ice particles move to the upper part of clouds, while negatively charged heavier water droplets occupy the lower part.

When charge buildup becomes large, air's insulating property breaks down, causing a sudden flow of charges that produces lightning.

Lightning heats the surrounding air rapidly, causing expansion and producing the loud sound of thunder.