The following table contains information about the number of dengue cases reported in a hospital over a period of one year: [Table showing monthly dengue cases]. Make a bar graph of the number of cases on the Y-axis and the month on the X-axis. Critically analyse your findings and answer the following: (i) In which three months were the dengue cases highest? (ii) In which month(s) were the cases lowest? (iii) What natural or environmental factors during the peak months might contribute to the increase in dengue cases? (iv) Suggest a few preventive steps that the community or government can take before the peak season to reduce the spread of dengue.
The dengue cases were highest in July, August, and September, with 65 cases reported in each of these months.
The dengue cases were lowest in January, with only 10 cases reported.
The peak months of July, August, and September coincide with the monsoon season in India. Increased rainfall leads to stagnant water in puddles, discarded containers, and construction sites, which become breeding grounds for mosquitoes. High humidity and warm temperatures during these months also favour mosquito breeding and the spread of dengue.
Before the peak season, the community and government should: conduct awareness campaigns about dengue prevention, identify and eliminate mosquito breeding sites like stagnant water, clean drains and prevent waterlogging, distribute mosquito nets and repellents to vulnerable populations, conduct regular fogging operations in high-risk areas, encourage wearing long-sleeved clothes, and maintain cleanliness in public spaces.
Explanation
(i) According to the data table, July, August, and September each recorded 65 cases, which is the highest number in the entire year. (ii) The data table shows January had 10 cases, which is the lowest number among all months. (iii) The chapter mentions that dengue is transmitted by mosquitoes and preventive measures include controlling mosquito breeding and avoiding areas with still water. The bulletin board at the beginning also states that 'Arrival of monsoon leads to increase in malaria and dengue cases.' (iv) Table 3.1 in the chapter lists preventive measures for dengue including use of mosquito nets and repellents, wearing long-sleeved clothes, control of mosquito breeding in and around the home, and avoiding areas with still water.