(a) The chapter states on Page 7 that materials with shiny surfaces are said to have lustrous appearance, and such materials are usually metals like iron, copper, zinc, aluminium, and gold. (b) The chapter explains on Page 7 that soft materials can be compressed or scratched easily, like an eraser or sponge. (c) The chapter describes on Pages 10-11 that materials like salt and sugar are hard (cannot be easily compressed) and are soluble in water as they disappear when mixed in water. (d) The chapter explains on Page 9 that translucent materials like butter paper and frosted glass allow objects to be seen but not clearly, while opaque materials like wood do not allow any visibility. (e) The chapter defines matter on Page 15 as anything that occupies space (has volume) and has mass. Air is matter that has mass and volume but cannot be seen.