Imagine you are planning a new city near a river. What steps would you take to: (a) keep the river clean. (b) prevent floods during heavy rains. (c) ensure there is always enough water for everyone, even during summers.
Set up sewage treatment plants, ban industrial waste discharge, create waste collection points, plant trees along riverbanks, organise cleaning drives, and use eco-friendly products.
Build embankments, construct proper drainage, preserve wetlands, plant trees, avoid construction on floodplains, and build reservoirs to hold excess water.
Build dams and reservoirs, implement rainwater harvesting, promote water conservation, create groundwater recharge systems, set up water ATMs, and maintain water pipelines.
Explanation
(a) The chapter describes how waste, plastic, and dirty water from people and factories pollute rivers, harming aquatic life. (b) The chapter explains that trees slow down rainwater and help soil soak up water, preventing floods. It also describes how floods occur when there is too much rain. (c) The chapter mentions dams that store water for dry seasons, water ATMs that provide clean water, and the National Water Mission that helps manage water properly.