(1) When comparing two people (I and my brother), we use the comparative form by adding '-er' to 'tall' to make 'taller.' (2) When comparing within a whole group (all months of the year), we use the superlative form by adding '-est' to 'cold' to make 'coldest.' (3) When comparing two things (an ant and an elephant), we use the comparative form by adding '-er' to 'small' to make 'smaller.' (4) When comparing two people (my sister and me), we use the comparative form by adding '-er' to 'smart' to make 'smarter.' (5) When comparing within a whole group (all people in the race), we use the superlative form by adding '-est' to 'fast' to make 'fastest.'