How are pressure groups formed?
Pressure groups are formed when certain groups feel that their interests are not being taken up by existing political parties. Instead of forming an alternative party, these groups come together to form pressure groups who lobby with the government to address their concerns and grievances.
These groups are organised to pursue specific interests in the political arena. They operate primarily by lobbying the members of legislative bodies and drawing the attention of the government. For example, industrialists form associations such as Federation of Indian Chambers and Commerce (FICCI) and Association of Chambers of Commerce (ASSOCHAM) to represent their collective interests.
In a democratic system, different interest groups work towards influencing political parties and the government to ensure their voices are heard.
Explanation
The textbook explains that pressure groups emerge when certain groups feel their interests are not being represented by political parties. The context provides the example of industrialists forming FICCI and ASSOCHAM. The key mechanism is lobbying - these groups operate by lobbying members of legislative bodies and drawing government attention to their grievances.