The notion of minority groups in sociology is more than a merely numerical distinction – it usually involves some sense of relative disadvantage. When the term minority is used without qualification, it generally implies a relatively small but also disadvantaged group. Privileged minorities such as extremely wealthy people are not usually referred to as minorities without qualification.

The sociological sense of minority implies that members form a collectivity with a strong sense of group solidarity and belonging. This is linked to disadvantage because the experience of being subjected to prejudice and discrimination heightens feelings of intra-group loyalty and interests.

Minorities need protection because the normal working of the political system places them at a disadvantage vis-à-vis the majority community. Without special protection, secularism can turn into an excuse for imposing the majority community's values and norms on the minorities. Religious or cultural minorities need special protection because of the demographic dominance of the majority.

As Dr. Ambedkar noted, minorities are an explosive force which, if it erupts, can blow up the whole fabric of the state. The history of Europe bears testimony to this fact. Minorities in India have agreed to place their existence in the hands of the majority, showing trust in the democratic system.