What is the difference between traditional and non-traditional security? Which category would the creation and sustenance of alliances belong to?
(i) Traditional security is principally concerned with the use, or threat of use, of military force. Force is both the principal threat to security and the principal means of achieving security. The referent is the state with its territory and governing institutions.
Non-traditional security goes beyond military threats to include a wide range of threats and dangers affecting the conditions of human existence. The referent is expanded to include not just the state but also individuals, communities, or all of humankind. It is also called 'human security' or 'global security'.
(ii) The creation and sustenance of alliances belongs to traditional security. Alliance building is a component of traditional security policy where states coordinate their actions to deter or defend against military attack. Alliances are formalized in written treaties and are based on national interests.
Explanation
The textbook clearly distinguishes between traditional and non-traditional security. Traditional security focuses on military threats and state-centric security, while non-traditional security expands the scope to include human security concerns. Alliances are explicitly mentioned as a component of traditional security policy, as they are formed to deter or defend against military attacks.