What are the various positions on the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir? Which of these do you think are justifiable? Give reasons for your answer.
The issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir has multiple positions based on different perspectives and grievances.
First Position: One section, mostly Kashmiris, believes that the autonomy conferred by Article 370 is not enough. They have three major grievances: firstly, the promise that Accession would be referred to the people of the State after the situation created by tribal invasion was normalised has not been fulfilled, leading to the demand for a plebiscite. Secondly, the special federal status guaranteed by Article 370 had been eroded in practice, leading to demands for restoration of autonomy or 'Greater State Autonomy'. Thirdly, democracy practiced in the rest of India has not been similarly institutionalised in Jammu and Kashmir.
Second Position: Before 1947, the ruler Maharaja Hari Singh wanted an independent status for his state, not wanting to merge with either India or Pakistan.
Third Position: Pakistani leaders believed Kashmir 'belonged' to Pakistan since the majority population was Muslim.
Fourth Position: The people of the state identified themselves as Kashmiris above all, reflecting the spirit of Kashmiriyat. The popular movement led by Sheikh Abdullah wanted to get rid of the Maharaja but was against joining Pakistan.
In my view, the demand for restoration of autonomy within the Indian Union is justifiable. This is because the special federal status was constitutionally guaranteed, and its erosion created genuine grievances. Addressing these through dialogue within the constitutional framework, as India has done with other regional movements, would strengthen democracy and trust.
Explanation
This question requires students to identify various positions on Kashmir's autonomy from the text and then provide a reasoned opinion. The context clearly outlines the grievances regarding Article 370, the plebiscite demand, and the concept of Kashmiriyat. Students should note that the question has two parts - listing positions and justifying one with reasons. The justifiable position can vary, but must be supported by facts from the context.
Solution Steps
Step 1: Identify all positions on regional autonomy from the context - Article 370 grievances, plebiscite demand, Greater State Autonomy, independence stance, and Kashmiriyat.
Step 2: Explain each position with key terms like Article 370, Accession, plebiscite, and Kashmiriyat.
Step 3: Choose one position as justifiable and provide reasons based on the context.
Step 4: Conclude by linking to the broader theme of resolving regional aspirations through constitutional means.