Question 20 of 24intermediate🔧 ApplyNumerical5 marks

A card sheet divided into squares each of size 1 mm2mm^{2} is being viewed at a distance of 9 cm through a magnifying glass (a converging lens of focal length 9 cm) held close to the eye. (a) What is the magnification produced by the lens? How much is the area of each square in the virtual image? (b) What is the angular magnification (magnifying power) of the lens? (c) Is the magnification in (a) equal to the magnifying power in (b)? Explain.

(a)
Answer

Given values are object distance u=−9u = -9 cm, focal length f=9f = 9 cm, and area of each square A=1 mm2A = 1 \text{ mm}^2.

Using the lens formula 1v−1u=1f\frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{f}, we substitute the values: 1v−1−9=19\frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{-9} = \frac{1}{9}. This simplifies to 1v=0\frac{1}{v} = 0, so the image distance v=∞v = \infty.

The magnification produced by the lens is m=vu=∞−9=∞m = \frac{v}{u} = \frac{\infty}{-9} = \infty. Since the linear magnification is infinite, the area of each square in the virtual image is also infinite.

(b)
Answer

The angular magnification (magnifying power) of the lens when the image is formed at infinity is given by M=DfM = \frac{D}{f}. Taking the least distance of distinct vision D=25D = 25 cm, we get M=259≈2.8M = \frac{25}{9} \approx 2.8.

(c)
Answer

No, the magnification in (a) is not equal to the magnifying power in (b). The magnification in (a) is infinite, while the magnifying power in (b) is 2.8. Magnification refers to the ratio of the absolute size of the image to the object, whereas magnifying power is the ratio of the angle subtended by the image at the eye to the angle subtended by the object at the near point.

Explanation

This question highlights the critical difference between linear magnification and angular magnification. When an object is placed exactly at the focal point of a converging lens (u=−fu = -f), the virtual image is formed at infinity. This results in an infinite linear magnification. However, the angular magnification (or magnifying power) remains finite and is calculated as the ratio of the least distance of distinct vision to the focal length (D/fD/f).