Question 59 of 68intermediate🔧 ApplyNumerical4 marks

The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 2î - 4ĵ + 5k̂ and î - 2ĵ - 3k̂. Find the unit vector parallel to its diagonal. Also, find its area.

Correct Answer

(area) 115\sqrt{5} square units

(unit_vector) 37i^−67j^+27k^\frac{3}{7} \hat{i} - \frac{6}{7} \hat{j} + \frac{2}{7} \hat{k}

Exercise: MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE ON CHAPTER 10 | Q: 10 | (Page 35)
For More Understanding

Explanation

This question tests two concepts: (1) finding the diagonal of a parallelogram using vector addition and converting it to a unit vector, and (2) calculating the area using the cross product formula. The diagonal is found by adding the adjacent side vectors, and the area is found using the magnitude of their cross product.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Let the adjacent sides be a⃗=2i^−4j^+5k^\vec{a} = 2 \hat{i} - 4 \hat{j} + 5 \hat{k} and b⃗=i^−2j^−3k^\vec{b} = \hat{i} - 2 \hat{j} - 3 \hat{k}.

  2. Step 2: Finding the diagonal vector: The diagonal of a parallelogram is given by a⃗+b⃗\vec{a} + \vec{b}.

  3. Step 3: d⃗=a⃗+b⃗\vec{d} = \vec{a} + \vec{b} = (2i^−4j^+5k^\hat{i} - 4 \hat{j} + 5 \hat{k}) + (i^−2j^−3k^\hat{i} - 2 \hat{j} - 3 \hat{k}) = 3i^−6j^+2k^\hat{i} - 6 \hat{j} + 2 \hat{k}.

  4. Step 4: Finding the unit vector: Calculate |d⃗\vec{d}| = 32+(−6)2+22=9+36+4=49=7\sqrt{3^2 + (-6)^2 + 2^2} = \sqrt{9 + 36 + 4} = \sqrt{49} = 7.

  5. Step 5: The unit vector parallel to the diagonal is d^=d⃗∣d⃗∣=3i^−6j^+2k^7=37i^−67j^+27k^\hat{d} = \frac{\vec{d}}{|\vec{d}|} = \frac{3\hat{i} - 6\hat{j} + 2\hat{k}}{7} = \frac{3}{7} \hat{i} - \frac{6}{7} \hat{j} + \frac{2}{7} \hat{k}.

  6. Step 6: Finding the area: The area of a parallelogram with adjacent sides a⃗\vec{a} and b⃗\vec{b} is given by |a⃗×b⃗\vec{a} \times \vec{b}|.

  7. Step 7: a⃗×b⃗=∣i^j^k^2−451−2−3∣=i^\vec{a} \times \vec{b} = \begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ 2 & -4 & 5 \\ 1 & -2 & -3 \end{vmatrix} = \hat{i}(12+10) - j^\hat{j}(-6-5) + k^\hat{k}(-4+4) = 22i^+11j^\hat{i} + 11 \hat{j}.

  8. Step 8: |a⃗×b⃗\vec{a} \times \vec{b}| = 222+112=484+121=605=115\sqrt{22^2 + 11^2} = \sqrt{484 + 121} = \sqrt{605} = 11 \sqrt{5}.

  9. Step 9: Therefore, the unit vector parallel to the diagonal is 37i^−67j^+27k^\frac{3}{7} \hat{i} - \frac{6}{7} \hat{j} + \frac{2}{7} \hat{k}, and the area is 115\sqrt{5} square units.