Question 18 of 33intermediate🔧 ApplyShort Answer2 marks

Find the integrals of the functions in Exercises 1 to 22: sin⁡\sin x sin⁡\sin 2x sin⁡\sin 3x

Correct Answer

To evaluate the integral of sin⁡xsin⁡2xsin⁡3x\sin x \sin 2x \sin 3x, we utilize the product-to-sum identities. First, apply sin⁡Asin⁡B=12[cos⁡(A−B)−cos⁡(A+B)]\sin A \sin B = \frac{1}{2} [\cos(A - B) - \cos(A + B)] to sin⁡2xsin⁡3x\sin 2x \sin 3x:

sin⁡2xsin⁡3x=12[cos⁡(2x−3x)−cos⁡(2x+3x)]=12[cos⁡(−x)−cos⁡5x]=12[cos⁡x−cos⁡5x]\sin 2x \sin 3x = \frac{1}{2} [\cos(2x - 3x) - \cos(2x + 3x)] = \frac{1}{2} [\cos(-x) - \cos 5x] = \frac{1}{2} [\cos x - \cos 5x].

Next, multiply by sin⁡x\sin x and apply sin⁡Acos⁡B=12[sin⁡(A+B)+sin⁡(A−B)]\sin A \cos B = \frac{1}{2} [\sin(A + B) + \sin(A - B)]:

sin⁡xsin⁡2xsin⁡3x=12sin⁡x(cos⁡x−cos⁡5x)=12sin⁡xcos⁡x−12sin⁡xcos⁡5x\sin x \sin 2x \sin 3x = \frac{1}{2} \sin x (\cos x - \cos 5x) = \frac{1}{2} \sin x \cos x - \frac{1}{2} \sin x \cos 5x

=12(12[sin⁡2x+sin⁡0])−12(12[sin⁡6x+sin⁡(−4x)])= \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{1}{2} [\sin 2x + \sin 0] \right) - \frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{1}{2} [\sin 6x + \sin(-4x)] \right)

=14sin⁡2x−14sin⁡6x+14sin⁡4x= \frac{1}{4} \sin 2x - \frac{1}{4} \sin 6x + \frac{1}{4} \sin 4x.

Integrating term by term yields:

∫(14sin⁡2x−14sin⁡6x+14sin⁡4x) dx=14(−12cos⁡2x)−14(−16cos⁡6x)+14(−14cos⁡4x)+C\int \left( \frac{1}{4} \sin 2x - \frac{1}{4} \sin 6x + \frac{1}{4} \sin 4x \right) \, dx = \frac{1}{4} \left( -\frac{1}{2} \cos 2x \right) - \frac{1}{4} \left( -\frac{1}{6} \cos 6x \right) + \frac{1}{4} \left( -\frac{1}{4} \cos 4x \right) + C.

The final solution is −18cos⁡2x−116cos⁡4x+124cos⁡6x+C-\frac{1}{8} \cos 2x - \frac{1}{16} \cos 4x + \frac{1}{24} \cos 6x + C.

Exercise: EXERCISE 7.3 | Q: 6 | (Page 19)
For More Understanding

Explanation

The question asks for the integral of sin⁡xsin⁡2xsin⁡3x\sin x \sin 2x \sin 3x. We use the product-to-sum identity sin⁡Asin⁡B=12[cos⁡(A−B)−cos⁡(A+B)]\sin A \sin B = \frac{1}{2} [\cos(A - B) - \cos(A + B)] to simplify sin⁡2xsin⁡3x\sin 2x \sin 3x into 12[cos⁡x−cos⁡5x]\frac{1}{2} [\cos x - \cos 5x]. Multiplying by sin⁡x\sin x and applying the identity sin⁡Acos⁡B=12[sin⁡(A+B)+sin⁡(A−B)]\sin A \cos B = \frac{1}{2} [\sin(A + B) + \sin(A - B)], the integrand becomes a sum of sine functions, which are then integrated individually.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Apply the product-to-sum identity sin⁡Asin⁡B=12[cos⁡(A−B)−cos⁡(A+B)]\sin A \sin B = \frac{1}{2} [\cos(A - B) - \cos(A + B)] to sin⁡2xsin⁡3x\sin 2x \sin 3x: sin⁡2xsin⁡3x=12[cos⁡(2x−3x)−cos⁡(2x+3x)]=12[cos⁡(−x)−cos⁡5x]=12[cos⁡x−cos⁡5x]\sin 2x \sin 3x = \frac{1}{2} [\cos(2x - 3x) - \cos(2x + 3x)] = \frac{1}{2} [\cos(-x) - \cos 5x] = \frac{1}{2} [\cos x - \cos 5x].

  2. Step 2: Multiply the result by sin⁡x\sin x: sin⁡xsin⁡2xsin⁡3x=12sin⁡x(cos⁡x−cos⁡5x)=12sin⁡xcos⁡x−12sin⁡xcos⁡5x\sin x \sin 2x \sin 3x = \frac{1}{2} \sin x (\cos x - \cos 5x) = \frac{1}{2} \sin x \cos x - \frac{1}{2} \sin x \cos 5x.

  3. Step 3: Apply the product-to-sum identity sin⁡Acos⁡B=12[sin⁡(A+B)+sin⁡(A−B)]\sin A \cos B = \frac{1}{2} [\sin(A + B) + \sin(A - B)] to both terms: 12(12[sin⁡2x+sin⁡0])−12(12[sin⁡6x+sin⁡(−4x)])\frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} [\sin 2x + \sin 0]) - \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} [\sin 6x + \sin(-4x)]).

  4. Step 4: Simplify the expression using sin⁡0=0\sin 0 = 0 and sin⁡(−4x)=−sin⁡4x\sin(-4x) = -\sin 4x: 14sin⁡2x−14(sin⁡6x−sin⁡4x)=14sin⁡2x−14sin⁡6x+14sin⁡4x\frac{1}{4} \sin 2x - \frac{1}{4} (\sin 6x - \sin 4x) = \frac{1}{4} \sin 2x - \frac{1}{4} \sin 6x + \frac{1}{4} \sin 4x.

  5. Step 5: Integrate the simplified expression term by term: ∫(14sin⁡2x−14sin⁡6x+14sin⁡4x) dx=14(−12cos⁡2x)−14(−16cos⁡6x)+14(−14cos⁡4x)+C\int (\frac{1}{4} \sin 2x - \frac{1}{4} \sin 6x + \frac{1}{4} \sin 4x) \, dx = \frac{1}{4} \left( -\frac{1}{2} \cos 2x \right) - \frac{1}{4} \left( -\frac{1}{6} \cos 6x \right) + \frac{1}{4} \left( -\frac{1}{4} \cos 4x \right) + C.

  6. Step 6: State the final answer: −18cos⁡2x−116cos⁡4x+124cos⁡6x+C-\frac{1}{8} \cos 2x - \frac{1}{16} \cos 4x + \frac{1}{24} \cos 6x + C.