Question 82 of 96intermediate🔧 ApplyMCQ1 mark

The Integrating Factor of the differential equation (1−y2)dxdy+yx=ay(−1<y<1)(1 - y^2) \frac{dx}{dy} + yx = ay(-1 < y < 1) is

Exercise: EXERCISE 9.5 | Q: 19 | (Page 30)
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Explanation

The correct answer is Option D. To find the Integrating Factor, first rewrite the given differential equation in standard linear form. The given equation is (1−y2)dxdy+yx=ay(1 - y^2) \frac{dx}{dy} + yx = ay. Dividing both sides by (1−y2)(1 - y^2), we get dxdy+y1−y2x=ay1−y2\frac{dx}{dy} + \frac{y}{1-y^2}x = \frac{ay}{1-y^2}. This is of the form dxdy+Px=Q\frac{dx}{dy} + Px = Q where P=y1−y2P = \frac{y}{1-y^2}. The Integrating Factor is e∫P dy=e∫y1−y2 dye^{\int P \, dy} = e^{\int \frac{y}{1-y^2} \, dy}. Using substitution u=1−y2u = 1-y^2, we get du=−2y dydu = -2y \, dy, so the integral becomes −12ln⁡(1−y2)-\frac{1}{2}\ln(1-y^2). Therefore, I.F. =e−12ln⁡(1−y2)=(1−y2)−1/2=11−y2= e^{-\frac{1}{2}\ln(1-y^2)} = (1-y^2)^{-1/2} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-y^2}}. Since −1<y<1-1 < y < 1, the expression 1−y21-y^2 is positive, making the square root well-defined.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Rewrite the equation (1−y2)dxdy+yx=ay(1 - y^2) \frac{dx}{dy} + yx = ay in standard linear form by dividing by (1−y2)(1-y^2): dxdy+y1−y2x=ay1−y2\frac{dx}{dy} + \frac{y}{1-y^2}x = \frac{ay}{1-y^2}

  2. Step 2: Identify P=y1−y2P = \frac{y}{1-y^2} and Q=ay1−y2Q = \frac{ay}{1-y^2}

  3. Step 3: Calculate I.F. =e∫P dy=e∫y1−y2 dy= e^{\int P \, dy} = e^{\int \frac{y}{1-y^2} \, dy}

  4. Step 4: Integrate using substitution: Let u=1−y2u = 1-y^2, then du=−2y dydu = -2y \, dy, giving ∫y1−y2 dy=−12ln⁡(1−y2)\int \frac{y}{1-y^2} \, dy = -\frac{1}{2}\ln(1-y^2)

  5. Step 5: Therefore, I.F. =e−12ln⁡(1−y2)=11−y2= e^{-\frac{1}{2}\ln(1-y^2)} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-y^2}}, which corresponds to Option D