Question 31 of 96intermediate🔧 ApplyLong Answer4 marks

For each of the differential equations in Exercises 1 to 10, find the general solution:

ylog⁡y dx−x dy=0y \log y \, dx - x \, dy = 0
Correct Answer

The given differential equation is:

ylog⁡y dx−x dy=0y \log y \, dx - x \, dy = 0

To find the general solution, we first rearrange the terms to separate the variables xx and yy. Moving x dyx \, dy to the right side, we get:

ylog⁡y dx=x dyy \log y \, dx = x \, dy

Next, we separate the variables by dividing both sides by xyxy. This gives us the equation:

dyylog⁡y=dxx\frac{dy}{y \log y} = \frac{dx}{x}

We assume that x≠0x \neq 0 and y≠0y \neq 0 (and log⁡y\log y exists, so y>0y > 0).

Now, we integrate both sides of the equation with respect to their respective variables. The equation becomes:

∫dyylog⁡y=∫dxx\int \frac{dy}{y \log y} = \int \frac{dx}{x}

For the left-hand side, we use the substitution method: let t=log⁡yt = \log y, which implies dt=1ydydt = \frac{1}{y} dy. The integral becomes:

∫1t dt\int \frac{1}{t} \, dt

Evaluating the integrals, we get:

log⁡∣t∣=log⁡∣x∣+C1\log |t| = \log |x| + C_1

Substituting t=log⁡yt = \log y back into the equation, we have:

log⁡∣log⁡y∣=log⁡∣x∣+log⁡C\log |\log y| = \log |x| + \log C

(where we rewrite the constant C1C_1 as log⁡C\log C for convenience).

Finally, using the property log⁡A+log⁡B=log⁡AB\log A + \log B = \log AB, we simplify the equation to:

log⁡∣log⁡y∣=log⁡∣Cx∣\log |\log y| = \log |Cx|

Taking the antilogarithm, we get:

log⁡y=Cx\log y = Cx

(where CC is an arbitrary constant). This is the required general solution.

Exercise: EXERCISE 9.3 | Q: 7 | (Page 12)
For More Understanding

Explanation

The question asks for the general solution to the differential equation listed as question 7 in the provided context. The solution involves the method of separation of variables, followed by integration using substitution for the term involving log⁡y\log y. The constant of integration is manipulated to present the final answer in a simplified logarithmic form.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Rearrange the given equation ylog⁡y dx−x dy=0y \log y \, dx - x \, dy = 0 to separate variables:

    ylog⁡y dx=x dyy \log y \, dx = x \, dy
  2. Step 2: Separate variables xx and yy by dividing by xyxy:

    dyylog⁡y=dxx\frac{dy}{y \log y} = \frac{dx}{x}
  3. Step 3: Integrate both sides:

    ∫dyylog⁡y=∫dxx\int \frac{dy}{y \log y} = \int \frac{dx}{x}
  4. Step 4: Apply substitution for LHS: Let t=log⁡y  ⟹  dt=1ydyt = \log y \implies dt = \frac{1}{y} dy. The integral becomes:

    ∫1t dt=log⁡∣t∣=log⁡∣log⁡y∣\int \frac{1}{t} \, dt = \log |t| = \log |\log y|
  5. Step 5: Equate the integrals:

    log⁡∣log⁡y∣=log⁡∣x∣+log⁡C\log |\log y| = \log |x| + \log C
  6. Step 6: Simplify using log properties:

    log⁡∣log⁡y∣=log⁡∣Cx∣  ⟹  log⁡y=Cx\log |\log y| = \log |Cx| \implies \log y = Cx