Question 80 of 96intermediate🔧 ApplyLong Answer4 marks

Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (0,2)(0, 2) given that the sum of the coordinates of any point on the curve exceeds the magnitude of the slope of the tangent to the curve at that point by 5.

Correct Answer

The equation of the curve is y=4−x−2exy = 4 - x - 2e^x.

Exercise: EXERCISE 9.5 | Q: 17 | (Page 30)
For More Understanding

Explanation

The problem asks for a curve passing through (0,2)(0, 2) where the sum of coordinates exceeds the slope of the tangent by 5. Note: The provided context text mentions 'magnitude of the slope', but for the point (0,2)(0, 2), the sum of coordinates is 0+2=20+2=2. If 'magnitude' were strictly applied, 2=∣m∣+52 = |m| + 5 would imply ∣m∣=−3|m|=-3, which is impossible. Thus, the question implies the standard interpretation found in textbooks where 'slope' (which can be negative) is used instead of 'magnitude'.

The condition translates to the differential equation:

x+y−dydx=5x + y - \frac{dy}{dx} = 5

Solving this linear differential equation using the integrating factor method yields the specific solution passing through the given point.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Formulate the Differential Equation

    Let P(x,y)P(x, y) be a point on the curve. The slope of the tangent is dydx\frac{dy}{dx}.

    The sum of coordinates is x+yx + y.

    According to the problem condition (correcting for the standard interpretation): Sum of coordinates −- Slope =5= 5.

    x+y−dydx=5x + y - \frac{dy}{dx} = 5

    Rearranging this, we get:

    dydx−y=x−5\frac{dy}{dx} - y = x - 5
  2. Step 2: Find the Integrating Factor

    This is a linear differential equation of the form dydx+Py=Q\frac{dy}{dx} + Py = Q.

    Here, P=−1P = -1 and Q=x−5Q = x - 5.

    The Integrating Factor (I.F.) is given by e∫P dxe^{\int P \, dx}.

    I.F.=e∫−1 dx=e−xI.F. = e^{\int -1 \, dx} = e^{-x}
  3. Step 3: Apply the Solution Formula

    The solution is given by:

    y⋅(I.F.)=∫Q⋅(I.F.) dx+Cy \cdot (I.F.) = \int Q \cdot (I.F.) \, dx + C

    Substituting the values:

    ye−x=∫(x−5)e−x dx+Cy e^{-x} = \int (x - 5) e^{-x} \, dx + C
  4. Step 4: Integrate the Right-Hand Side

    Using integration by parts, let u=x−5u = x - 5 and dv=e−xdxdv = e^{-x} dx.

    ∫(x−5)e−x dx=(x−5)(e−x−1)−∫(1)(e−x−1)dx\int (x - 5) e^{-x} \, dx = (x - 5) \left( \frac{e^{-x}}{-1} \right) - \int (1) \left( \frac{e^{-x}}{-1} \right) dx =−(x−5)e−x+∫e−xdx= -(x - 5) e^{-x} + \int e^{-x} dx =−(x−5)e−x−e−x= -(x - 5) e^{-x} - e^{-x} =−xe−x+5e−x−e−x= -x e^{-x} + 5 e^{-x} - e^{-x} =−xe−x+4e−x= -x e^{-x} + 4 e^{-x}
  5. Step 5: Find the General Solution

    Substitute the integral back into the equation:

    ye−x=−xe−x+4e−x+Cy e^{-x} = -x e^{-x} + 4 e^{-x} + C

    Divide by e−xe^{-x} (or multiply by exe^x):

    y=−x+4+Cexy = -x + 4 + C e^x
  6. Step 6: Find the Particular Solution

    The curve passes through the point (0,2)(0, 2). Substitute x=0x = 0 and y=2y = 2 into the general solution.

    2=−(0)+4+Ce02 = -(0) + 4 + C e^0 2=4+C2 = 4 + C C=−2C = -2
  7. Step 7: Write the Final Equation

    Substitute C=−2C = -2 back into the general solution:

    y=−x+4−2exy = -x + 4 - 2e^x

    or

    y=4−x−2exy = 4 - x - 2e^x