Question 12 of 58intermediate💡 UnderstandShort Answer2 marks

Write Minors and Cofactors of the elements of following determinants: (i) ∣100010001∣\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix} (ii) ∣10435−1012∣\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 0 & 4 \\ 3 & 5 & -1 \\ 0 & 1 & 2 \end{vmatrix}

(i)
Answer

(i) For the determinant ∣100010001∣\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix}: Minors:

M11=1,M12=0,M13=0M_{11} = 1, M_{12} = 0, M_{13} = 0 M21=0,M22=1,M23=0M_{21} = 0, M_{22} = 1, M_{23} = 0 M31=0,M32=0,M33=1M_{31} = 0, M_{32} = 0, M_{33} = 1

Cofactors: Since Aij=(−1)i+jMijA_{ij} = (-1)^{i+j} M_{ij}, the cofactors are:

A11=1,A12=0,A13=0A_{11} = 1, A_{12} = 0, A_{13} = 0 A21=0,A22=1,A23=0A_{21} = 0, A_{22} = 1, A_{23} = 0 A31=0,A32=0,A33=1A_{31} = 0, A_{32} = 0, A_{33} = 1
(ii)
Answer

(ii) For the determinant ∣10435−1012∣\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 0 & 4 \\ 3 & 5 & -1 \\ 0 & 1 & 2 \end{vmatrix}: Minors: M11=∣5−112∣=11M_{11} = \begin{vmatrix} 5 & -1 \\ 1 & 2 \end{vmatrix} = 11, M12=∣3−102∣=6M_{12} = \begin{vmatrix} 3 & -1 \\ 0 & 2 \end{vmatrix} = 6, M13=∣3501∣=3M_{13} = \begin{vmatrix} 3 & 5 \\ 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix} = 3 M21=∣0412∣=−4M_{21} = \begin{vmatrix} 0 & 4 \\ 1 & 2 \end{vmatrix} = -4, M22=∣1402∣=2M_{22} = \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 4 \\ 0 & 2 \end{vmatrix} = 2, M23=∣1001∣=1M_{23} = \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{vmatrix} = 1 M31=∣045−1∣=−20M_{31} = \begin{vmatrix} 0 & 4 \\ 5 & -1 \end{vmatrix} = -20, M32=∣143−1∣=−13M_{32} = \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 4 \\ 3 & -1 \end{vmatrix} = -13, M33=∣1035∣=5M_{33} = \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 3 & 5 \end{vmatrix} = 5

Cofactors:

A11=11,A12=−6,A13=3A_{11} = 11, A_{12} = -6, A_{13} = 3 A21=4,A22=2,A23=−1A_{21} = 4, A_{22} = 2, A_{23} = -1 A31=−20,A32=13,A33=5A_{31} = -20, A_{32} = 13, A_{33} = 5

Explanation

To find the Minor (MijM_{ij}) of an element, we delete the corresponding row and column and evaluate the remaining determinant. To find the Cofactor (AijA_{ij}), we multiply the minor by (−1)i+j(-1)^{i+j}. In part (i), the matrix is an identity matrix where off-diagonal minors are zero and diagonal minors are 1. In part (ii), we calculate each minor explicitly using the determinant formula for 2x2 matrices.