The cost of 4 kg onion, 3 kg wheat and 2 kg rice is ₹60. The cost of 2 kg onion, 4 kg wheat and 6 kg rice is ₹90. The cost of 6 kg onion 2 kg wheat and 3 kg rice is ₹70. Find cost of each item per kg by matrix method.
Let the cost of 1 kg onion, wheat, and rice be , , and respectively. The system of equations is:
This system can be written in the form , where , , and .
To find , we calculate . First, we find the determinant of :
Since , the inverse exists.
Next, we find the cofactors of matrix to determine .
Thus, .
Finally, we calculate :
Hence, the cost of onion is ₹5/kg, wheat is ₹8/kg, and rice is ₹8/kg.
Explanation
The question requires solving a system of linear equations using the matrix method, as demonstrated in the provided context (specifically Miscellaneous Example 18 and Question 15). The context outlines the procedure: representing equations in the matrix form , finding the inverse of matrix using its determinant and adjoint, and then multiplying with to find . The solution follows this exact methodology to determine the costs per kg for each item.
Solution Steps
Step 1: Define variables for the cost of onion, wheat, and rice per kg respectively and formulate the system of linear equations: , , and .
Step 2: Express the system in matrix form , identifying matrix , variable matrix , and constant matrix .
Step 3: Calculate the determinant to ensure the matrix is non-singular ().
Step 4: Compute the cofactors of matrix and find the adjoint matrix .
Step 5: Determine the inverse .
Step 6: Solve for by computing the matrix product .
Step 7: Conclude the values representing the costs in ₹ per kg.