Question 49 of 58advanced🔧 ApplyLong Answer5 marks

The cost of 4 kg onion, 3 kg wheat and 2 kg rice is ₹60. The cost of 2 kg onion, 4 kg wheat and 6 kg rice is ₹90. The cost of 6 kg onion 2 kg wheat and 3 kg rice is ₹70. Find cost of each item per kg by matrix method.

Correct Answer

Let the cost of 1 kg onion, wheat, and rice be xx, yy, and zz respectively. The system of equations is:

4x+3y+2z=604x + 3y + 2z = 60 2x+4y+6z=902x + 4y + 6z = 90 6x+2y+3z=706x + 2y + 3z = 70

This system can be written in the form AX=BAX = B, where A=[432246623]A = \begin{bmatrix} 4 & 3 & 2 \\ 2 & 4 & 6 \\ 6 & 2 & 3 \end{bmatrix}, X=[xyz]X = \begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{bmatrix}, and B=[609070]B = \begin{bmatrix} 60 \\ 90 \\ 70 \end{bmatrix}.

To find XX, we calculate A−1A^{-1}. First, we find the determinant of AA:

∣A∣=4(12−12)−3(6−36)+2(4−24)=0+90−40=50|A| = 4(12-12) - 3(6-36) + 2(4-24) = 0 + 90 - 40 = 50

Since ∣A∣≠0|A| \neq 0, the inverse exists.

Next, we find the cofactors of matrix AA to determine adj(A)\text{adj}(A).

adj(A)=[0−510300−20−201010]\text{adj}(A) = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -5 & 10 \\ 30 & 0 & -20 \\ -20 & 10 & 10 \end{bmatrix}

Thus, A−1=1∣A∣adj(A)=150[0−510300−20−201010]A^{-1} = \frac{1}{|A|} \text{adj}(A) = \frac{1}{50} \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -5 & 10 \\ 30 & 0 & -20 \\ -20 & 10 & 10 \end{bmatrix}.

Finally, we calculate X=A−1BX = A^{-1}B:

X=150[0−510300−20−201010][609070]=150[250400400]=[588]X = \frac{1}{50} \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -5 & 10 \\ 30 & 0 & -20 \\ -20 & 10 & 10 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 60 \\ 90 \\ 70 \end{bmatrix} = \frac{1}{50} \begin{bmatrix} 250 \\ 400 \\ 400 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 5 \\ 8 \\ 8 \end{bmatrix}

Hence, the cost of onion is ₹5/kg, wheat is ₹8/kg, and rice is ₹8/kg.

Exercise: EXERCISE 4.5 | Q: 16 | (Page 23)
For More Understanding

Explanation

The question requires solving a system of linear equations using the matrix method, as demonstrated in the provided context (specifically Miscellaneous Example 18 and Question 15). The context outlines the procedure: representing equations in the matrix form AX=BAX=B, finding the inverse of matrix AA using its determinant and adjoint, and then multiplying A−1A^{-1} with BB to find XX. The solution follows this exact methodology to determine the costs per kg for each item.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Define variables x,y,zx, y, z for the cost of onion, wheat, and rice per kg respectively and formulate the system of linear equations: 4x+3y+2z=604x + 3y + 2z = 60, 2x+4y+6z=902x + 4y + 6z = 90, and 6x+2y+3z=706x + 2y + 3z = 70.

  2. Step 2: Express the system in matrix form AX=BAX = B, identifying matrix AA, variable matrix XX, and constant matrix BB.

  3. Step 3: Calculate the determinant ∣A∣|A| to ensure the matrix is non-singular (∣A∣=50|A| = 50).

  4. Step 4: Compute the cofactors of matrix AA and find the adjoint matrix adj(A)\text{adj}(A).

  5. Step 5: Determine the inverse A−1=1∣A∣adj(A)A^{-1} = \frac{1}{|A|} \text{adj}(A).

  6. Step 6: Solve for XX by computing the matrix product A−1BA^{-1}B.

  7. Step 7: Conclude the values x=5,y=8,z=8x=5, y=8, z=8 representing the costs in ₹ per kg.