Define the term solution. How many types of solutions are formed? Write briefly about each type with an example.
A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more than two components. By homogeneous mixture, we mean that its composition and properties are uniform throughout the mixture. Generally, the component present in the largest quantity is known as the solvent, and it determines the physical state in which the solution exists. The other components present in the solution are called solutes.
Solutions are classified into three main types based on the physical state of the solvent: gaseous solutions, liquid solutions, and solid solutions.
Gaseous solutions are those in which the solvent is a gas. The solute in these solutions can be gas, liquid, or solid. A common example is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gases. Other examples include chloroform mixed with nitrogen gas and camphor in nitrogen gas.
Liquid solutions have a liquid as the solvent. The solute can be gas, liquid, or solid. Common examples include oxygen dissolved in water, ethanol dissolved in water, and glucose dissolved in water.
Solid solutions consist of a solid solvent. Examples include a solution of hydrogen in palladium, an amalgam of mercury with sodium, and copper dissolved in gold.
Explanation
The answer defines a solution strictly using the provided text, highlighting it as a homogeneous mixture of two or more components with uniform composition. It identifies the three types of solutions (gaseous, liquid, solid) as listed in Table 1.1 of the context. For each type, the answer briefly explains the state of the solvent and provides specific examples (like the mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gases for gaseous solutions, or glucose dissolved in water for liquid solutions) directly sourced from the 'Types of Solutions' table in the provided context.