Ethanoic acid is first converted to ethanamide by reaction with ammonia, then ethanamide is converted to methanamine by Hoffmann bromamide reaction (reaction with Br₂ and NaOH).

Hexanenitrile is hydrolysed to hexanoic acid, which is then converted to hexanamide by reaction with ammonia. Hexanamide undergoes Hoffmann bromamide reaction to give 1-aminopentane.

Methanol is oxidised to methanal (formaldehyde) using oxidising agents. Methanal is then converted to ethanoic acid through appropriate carbon-chain elongation reactions followed by oxidation.

Ethanamine is converted to ethanamide by acylation. Ethanamide then undergoes Hoffmann bromamide reaction to yield methanamine (loss of one carbon atom).

Ethanoic acid is reduced to ethanol using LiAlH₄. Ethanol is converted to ethyl halide, which reacts with KCN to form propionitrile. Hydrolysis of propionitrile yields propanoic acid.

Methanamine is treated with nitrous acid (HNO₂) to form methanol. Methanol is converted to methyl halide, which reacts with KCN to give ethanenitrile. Reduction of ethanenitrile yields ethanamine.

Nitromethane is reduced to methanamine. Methanamine is then methylated using methyl iodide (CH₃I) or through reaction with formaldehyde and formic acid to give dimethylamine.

Propanoic acid is converted to propanamide by reaction with ammonia. Propanamide undergoes Hoffmann bromamide reaction to give ethanamine. Ethanamine is treated with nitrous acid to give ethanol, which is oxidised to ethanoic acid.