Application in Crop Improvement: rDNA technology enables scientists to introduce specific targeted modifications in plant genomes to develop genetically modified crops. Crops have been developed that offer resistance to diseases, helping farmers protect their crops from damage. Additionally, drought resistant and salinity tolerant crops have been developed, enabling cultivation in adverse environments. Such modifications improve the quality of production and enhance the value of products.

Application in Therapeutics: rDNA technology has contributed immensely to the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including genetic disorders. Earlier, tons of animal pancreatic glands were needed to obtain a few milligrams of insulin, and thousands of animal pituitary glands were required to isolate growth hormone. These products were limited in quantity, expensive, and caused immunogenic reactions in humans. Scientists overcame these obstacles by producing human insulin and growth hormone in bacterial systems using rDNA technology. In the future, therapeutic proteins, peptides, and hormones will be produced from plants, offering advantages in cost and reduced contamination.