Sociology studies religion differently from religious or theological approaches. It conducts empirical studies of how religions actually function in society and their relationship with other institutions. It also uses a comparative method to study different societies without bias and prejudice.

Religion cannot be studied as a separate entity. Social forces like political debates, economic situations, and gender norms influence religious institutions. Conversely, religious norms also influence social understanding. The sociological perspective relates religious life to domestic, economic, and political life.

Sociology investigates religious beliefs, practices, and institutions in relation to other aspects of society and culture. It recognizes religion's public character beyond individual private belief, and examines its relationship with power and politics.