Problem solving is goal-directed thinking that involves moving from an initial state to an end state through several mental operations. However, there are certain obstacles that hinder effective problem solving.

Mental Set is a major obstacle where a person tends to solve problems by following already tried mental operations or steps. While prior success with a particular strategy can sometimes help in solving new problems, this tendency creates mental rigidity that obstructs the problem solver from thinking of new rules or strategies. For example, while solving mathematical problems, one may continue following the same steps even when they fail.

Functional Fixedness is another obstacle similar to mental set. It occurs when people fail to solve a problem because they are fixed on a thing's usual function. For instance, using a hardbound book to hammer a nail would be overcoming functional fixedness.

Lack of Motivation is another major obstacle. People might possess great problem-solving skills, but all their talents are of no use if they are not motivated. Sometimes people give up easily when they encounter a problem or face failure in implementing the first step. There is a need to persist in effort to find a solution.