Scientific research follows a systematic procedure that involves several sequential steps to study a phenomenon in an objective and testable manner. The scientific method is characterised by objectivity, which means that if two or more persons independently study a particular event, they should arrive at the same conclusion.

The first step is conceptualisation of a problem, where the researcher identifies and defines the specific issue or phenomenon to be investigated. This involves formulating the research question clearly.

The second step is collection of data. This requires developing a research design or a blueprint of the entire study. The researcher must make decisions about four important aspects: (a) participants in the study — who could be children, adolescents, college students, teachers, managers, clinical patients, or any group where the phenomenon is prevalent; (b) methods of data collection such as observation, experimental, correlational method, or case study; (c) tools to be used in research; and (d) procedure for data collection.

The third step is drawing conclusions based on the data collected and analysed. The researcher interprets the findings to answer the research question.

The final step is revising research conclusions and theory. This involves modifying existing theories or developing new constructs based on the research findings, which leads to further research.