What is the meaning of the terms 'encoding', 'storage' and 'retrieval'?
Encoding is the first stage of memory. It refers to the process by which information is recorded and registered for the first time so that it becomes usable by our memory system. The incoming information is received and some meaning is derived, then represented in a way so that it can be processed further.
Storage is the second stage of memory. It refers to the process through which information is retained and held over a period of time. Information which was encoded must be stored so that it can be put to use later.
Retrieval is the third stage of memory. It refers to bringing the stored information to one's awareness so that it can be used for performing various cognitive tasks such as problem solving or decision-making.
Explanation
The answer draws directly from the textbook's explanation of the three interrelated processes of memory under the Information Processing Approach. Each term is defined as a distinct stage: encoding (registering information), storage (retaining information), and retrieval (recovering information). The context also notes that memory failure can occur at any of these three stages.