It is necessary for a constitution to place limitations on rulers because without such limits, governments could pass laws that are patently unfair and unjust. For instance, a government might prohibit citizens from practising their religion, ban clothes of certain colours, or discriminate against people based on caste, religion, or skin colour.

The most common way of limiting government power is by specifying certain fundamental rights that all citizens possess. These include protection from arbitrary arrest and basic liberties like freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, freedom of association, and freedom to conduct trade or business.

These limitations are fundamental in nature, meaning the government may never trespass them. They ensure that citizens are protected from the arbitrary exercise of power by those in authority.

While a constitution that gives no power to citizens is theoretically possible, it would fail to command allegiance from the people. A constitution that allowed permanent majorities to oppress minorities, or systematically privileged some members at the expense of others, would give people no reason to abide by it.

If citizens feel their identity is being stifled, they would have no reason to go along with the provisions of such a constitution. A constitution must convince people that it provides the framework for pursuing basic justice to maintain its legitimacy and effectiveness.