The Constitution requires a special majority for amendment to ensure that constitutional changes have broad support and are not made hastily by a temporary majority in Parliament.

First, the Constitution is a fundamental document that defines the basic structure of governance and rights of citizens. Requiring a special majority ensures that amendments reflect a greater consensus in the polity rather than the will of a simple majority at a given time.

Second, India has a federal structure where powers are distributed between the Centre and the States. Federalism means that powers of the States must not be at the mercy of the central government. The special majority requirement protects this federal character by ensuring wider agreement.

Third, for certain amendments related to distribution of powers between Centre and States or matters of representation, even special majority is not sufficient. Such amendments require consent from legislatures of half the States. This provision respects the States and gives them participation in the amendment process.

Finally, the principle of special majority is followed in many modern constitutions worldwide, such as the Constitution of US (two-thirds majority) and South Africa and Russia (three-fourths majority for some amendments). This ensures stability and prevents arbitrary changes to the Constitution.