Question 42 of 50intermediate🔧 ApplyLong Answer4 marks

Prove that:

(sin⁡3x+sin⁡x)sin⁡x+(cos⁡3x−cos⁡x)cos⁡x=0(\sin 3x + \sin x) \sin x + (\cos 3x - \cos x) \cos x = 0
Correct Answer

We begin by expanding the Left Hand Side (LHS) of the given equation. To simplify the expression, we utilize the standard trigonometric identities for triple angles provided in the chapter:

sin⁡3x=3sin⁡x−4sin⁡3x\sin 3x = 3 \sin x - 4 \sin^3 x

and

cos⁡3x=4cos⁡3x−3cos⁡x\cos 3x = 4 \cos^3 x - 3 \cos x

First, consider the term (sin⁡3x+sin⁡x)sin⁡x(\sin 3x + \sin x) \sin x. Substituting the expansion for sin⁡3x\sin 3x, we get:

(3sin⁡x−4sin⁡3x+sin⁡x)sin⁡x(3 \sin x - 4 \sin^3 x + \sin x) \sin x

Simplifying the bracket gives:

(4sin⁡x−4sin⁡3x)sin⁡x(4 \sin x - 4 \sin^3 x) \sin x

which further expands to:

4sin⁡2x−4sin⁡4x4 \sin^2 x - 4 \sin^4 x

Next, consider the term (cos⁡3x−cos⁡x)cos⁡x(\cos 3x - \cos x) \cos x. Substituting the expansion for cos⁡3x\cos 3x, we get:

(4cos⁡3x−3cos⁡x−cos⁡x)cos⁡x(4 \cos^3 x - 3 \cos x - \cos x) \cos x

Simplifying the bracket yields:

(4cos⁡3x−4cos⁡x)cos⁡x(4 \cos^3 x - 4 \cos x) \cos x

which expands to:

4cos⁡4x−4cos⁡2x4 \cos^4 x - 4 \cos^2 x

Adding these two results gives the LHS as:

(4sin⁡2x−4sin⁡4x)+(4cos⁡4x−4cos⁡2x)(4 \sin^2 x - 4 \sin^4 x) + (4 \cos^4 x - 4 \cos^2 x)

We can rearrange the terms to group like expressions:

4(sin⁡2x−cos⁡2x)+4(cos⁡4x−sin⁡4x)4(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x) + 4(\cos^4 x - \sin^4 x)

Notice that cos⁡4x−sin⁡4x\cos^4 x - \sin^4 x can be factored as:

(cos⁡2x−sin⁡2x)(cos⁡2x+sin⁡2x)(\cos^2 x - \sin^2 x)(\cos^2 x + \sin^2 x)

Since cos⁡2x+sin⁡2x=1\cos^2 x + \sin^2 x = 1, this term becomes cos⁡2x−sin⁡2x\cos^2 x - \sin^2 x, which is −(sin⁡2x−cos⁡2x)-(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x). Substituting this back, the expression becomes:

4(sin⁡2x−cos⁡2x)−4(sin⁡2x−cos⁡2x)4(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x) - 4(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x)

which equals 0.

∴ Hence, LHS = RHS.

Exercise: MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE ON CHAPTER 3 | Q: 2 | (Page 29)
For More Understanding

Explanation

The solution relies on the direct application of the triple angle identities for sine and cosine found in the provided context. By expanding the terms and simplifying the algebraic expression using the fundamental identity sin⁡2x+cos⁡2x=1\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1, the equation is proven effectively.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Expand LHS using identities sin⁡3x=3sin⁡x−4sin⁡3x\sin 3x = 3 \sin x - 4 \sin^3 x and cos⁡3x=4cos⁡3x−3cos⁡x\cos 3x = 4 \cos^3 x - 3 \cos x.

  2. Step 2: Simplify the first term:

    (sin⁡3x+sin⁡x)sin⁡x=(4sin⁡x−4sin⁡3x)sin⁡x=4sin⁡2x−4sin⁡4x(\sin 3x + \sin x) \sin x = (4 \sin x - 4 \sin^3 x) \sin x = 4 \sin^2 x - 4 \sin^4 x
  3. Step 3: Simplify the second term:

    (cos⁡3x−cos⁡x)cos⁡x=(4cos⁡3x−4cos⁡x)cos⁡x=4cos⁡4x−4cos⁡2x(\cos 3x - \cos x) \cos x = (4 \cos^3 x - 4 \cos x) \cos x = 4 \cos^4 x - 4 \cos^2 x
  4. Step 4: Add the results:

    LHS=4sin⁡2x−4sin⁡4x+4cos⁡4x−4cos⁡2x\text{LHS} = 4 \sin^2 x - 4 \sin^4 x + 4 \cos^4 x - 4 \cos^2 x
  5. Step 5: Factor and simplify:

    4(sin⁡2x−cos⁡2x)+4(cos⁡4x−sin⁡4x)4(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x) + 4(\cos^4 x - \sin^4 x)

    Note that cos⁡4x−sin⁡4x=(cos⁡2x−sin⁡2x)(1)=−(sin⁡2x−cos⁡2x)\cos^4 x - \sin^4 x = (\cos^2 x - \sin^2 x)(1) = -(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x).

  6. Step 6: Conclude:

    4(sin⁡2x−cos⁡2x)−4(sin⁡2x−cos⁡2x)=04(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x) - 4(\sin^2 x - \cos^2 x) = 0

    ∴ Hence Proved.