Question 26 of 50intermediate🔧 ApplyLong Answer4 marks

Prove that:

cos⁡(3π2+x)cos⁡(2π+x)[cot⁡(3π2−x)+cot⁡(2π+x)]=1\cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2} + x\right) \cos(2\pi + x) \left[\cot\left(\frac{3\pi}{2} - x\right) + \cot(2\pi + x)\right] = 1
Correct Answer

We start with the left-hand side (LHS) of the equation:

Simplifying cos⁡(3π/2+x)\cos(3\pi/2 + x): Using the cosine addition formula, cos⁡(A+B)=cos⁡Acos⁡B−sin⁡Asin⁡B\cos(A+B) = \cos A \cos B - \sin A \sin B, we have

cos⁡(3π2+x)=cos⁡(3π2)cos⁡x−sin⁡(3π2)sin⁡x\cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2} + x\right) = \cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right) \cos x - \sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right) \sin x

Since cos⁡(3π/2)=0\cos(3\pi/2) = 0 and sin⁡(3π/2)=−1\sin(3\pi/2) = -1, this becomes

0⋅cos⁡x−(−1)⋅sin⁡x=sin⁡x0 \cdot \cos x - (-1) \cdot \sin x = \sin x

Simplifying cos⁡(2π+x)\cos(2\pi + x): Similarly,

cos⁡(2π+x)=cos⁡(2π)cos⁡x−sin⁡(2π)sin⁡x\cos(2\pi + x) = \cos(2\pi) \cos x - \sin(2\pi) \sin x

With cos⁡(2π)=1\cos(2\pi) = 1 and sin⁡(2π)=0\sin(2\pi) = 0, we get

1⋅cos⁡x−0⋅sin⁡x=cos⁡x1 \cdot \cos x - 0 \cdot \sin x = \cos x

Simplifying cot⁡(3π/2−x)\cot(3\pi/2 - x): Write cot⁡(3π/2−x)=cos⁡(3π/2−x)/sin⁡(3π/2−x)\cot(3\pi/2 - x) = \cos(3\pi/2 - x)/\sin(3\pi/2 - x). Using the cosine and sine difference formulas: cos⁡(A−B)=cos⁡Acos⁡B+sin⁡Asin⁡B\cos(A-B) = \cos A \cos B + \sin A \sin B, and sin⁡(A−B)=sin⁡Acos⁡B−cos⁡Asin⁡B\sin(A-B) = \sin A \cos B - \cos A \sin B. Thus,

cos⁡(3π2−x)=cos⁡(3π2)cos⁡x+sin⁡(3π2)sin⁡x=0⋅cos⁡x+(−1)⋅sin⁡x=−sin⁡x\cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2} - x\right) = \cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right) \cos x + \sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right) \sin x = 0 \cdot \cos x + (-1) \cdot \sin x = -\sin x

And

sin⁡(3π2−x)=sin⁡(3π2)cos⁡x−cos⁡(3π2)sin⁡x=(−1)⋅cos⁡x−0⋅sin⁡x=−cos⁡x\sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{2} - x\right) = \sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right) \cos x - \cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right) \sin x = (-1) \cdot \cos x - 0 \cdot \sin x = -\cos x

Hence,

cot⁡(3π2−x)=−sin⁡x−cos⁡x=tan⁡x\cot\left(\frac{3\pi}{2} - x\right) = \frac{-\sin x}{-\cos x} = \tan x

Simplifying cot⁡(2π+x)\cot(2\pi + x): Since the cotangent function has period π\pi, cot⁡(2π+x)=cot⁡x\cot(2\pi + x) = \cot x. Alternatively, using the definitions:

cot⁡(2π+x)=cos⁡(2π+x)sin⁡(2π+x)=cos⁡xsin⁡x=cot⁡x\cot(2\pi + x) = \frac{\cos(2\pi + x)}{\sin(2\pi + x)} = \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} = \cot x

Combining the terms: Now the LHS becomes sin⁡x⋅cos⁡x⋅[tan⁡x+cot⁡x]\sin x \cdot \cos x \cdot [\tan x + \cot x]. Express tan⁡x=sin⁡x/cos⁡x\tan x = \sin x/\cos x and cot⁡x=cos⁡x/sin⁡x\cot x = \cos x/\sin x. Then

tan⁡x+cot⁡x=sin⁡2x+cos⁡2xsin⁡xcos⁡x\tan x + \cot x = \frac{\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x}{\sin x \cos x}

By the Pythagorean identity, sin⁡2x+cos⁡2x=1\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1, so

tan⁡x+cot⁡x=1sin⁡xcos⁡x\tan x + \cot x = \frac{1}{\sin x \cos x}

Therefore,

LHS=sin⁡xcos⁡x⋅1sin⁡xcos⁡x=1\text{LHS} = \sin x \cos x \cdot \frac{1}{\sin x \cos x} = 1

which equals the right-hand side (RHS).

Hence, the given identity is proved. ∴ LHS = RHS = 1

Exercise: EXERCISE 3.3 | Q: 9 | (Page 25)
For More Understanding

Explanation

This proof relies on the sum and difference formulas for sine and cosine, which are explicitly given in the provided context (e.g., 'We know that cos⁡(x+y)=cos⁡xcos⁡y−sin⁡xsin⁡y\cos(x+y) = \cos x \cos y - \sin x \sin y').

The specific trigonometric values for angles like 3π/23\pi/2 and 2π2\pi are standard and can be derived from the unit circle, consistent with the approach used in Example 22 of the context.

The final simplification uses the fundamental identity sin⁡2x+cos⁡2x=1\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1, which is also present in the context.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Simplify cos⁡(3π/2+x)\cos(3\pi/2 + x) using cos⁡(A+B)\cos(A+B) identity and known values cos⁡(3π/2)=0\cos(3\pi/2)=0, sin⁡(3π/2)=−1\sin(3\pi/2)=-1 to obtain sin⁡x\sin x.

    cos⁡(3π2+x)=cos⁡(3π2)cos⁡x−sin⁡(3π2)sin⁡x=0⋅cos⁡x−(−1)⋅sin⁡x=sin⁡x\cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2} + x\right) = \cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right)\cos x - \sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right)\sin x = 0 \cdot \cos x - (-1) \cdot \sin x = \sin x
  2. Step 2: Simplify cos⁡(2π+x)\cos(2\pi + x) using cos⁡(A+B)\cos(A+B) identity and known values cos⁡(2π)=1\cos(2\pi)=1, sin⁡(2π)=0\sin(2\pi)=0 to obtain cos⁡x\cos x.

    cos⁡(2π+x)=cos⁡(2π)cos⁡x−sin⁡(2π)sin⁡x=1⋅cos⁡x−0⋅sin⁡x=cos⁡x\cos(2\pi + x) = \cos(2\pi)\cos x - \sin(2\pi)\sin x = 1 \cdot \cos x - 0 \cdot \sin x = \cos x
  3. Step 3: Simplify cot⁡(3π/2−x)\cot(3\pi/2 - x) by expressing as cos⁡(3π/2−x)/sin⁡(3π/2−x)\cos(3\pi/2 - x)/\sin(3\pi/2 - x) and applying difference formulas to get tan⁡x\tan x.

    cos⁡(3π2−x)=cos⁡(3π2)cos⁡x+sin⁡(3π2)sin⁡x=0⋅cos⁡x+(−1)⋅sin⁡x=−sin⁡x\cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2} - x\right) = \cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right)\cos x + \sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right)\sin x = 0 \cdot \cos x + (-1) \cdot \sin x = -\sin x sin⁡(3π2−x)=sin⁡(3π2)cos⁡x−cos⁡(3π2)sin⁡x=(−1)⋅cos⁡x−0⋅sin⁡x=−cos⁡x\sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{2} - x\right) = \sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right)\cos x - \cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right)\sin x = (-1) \cdot \cos x - 0 \cdot \sin x = -\cos x cot⁡(3π2−x)=−sin⁡x−cos⁡x=tan⁡x\cot\left(\frac{3\pi}{2} - x\right) = \frac{-\sin x}{-\cos x} = \tan x
  4. Step 4: Simplify cot⁡(2π+x)\cot(2\pi + x) using periodicity or definition to get cot⁡x\cot x.

    cot⁡(2π+x)=cos⁡(2π+x)sin⁡(2π+x)=cos⁡xsin⁡x=cot⁡x\cot(2\pi + x) = \frac{\cos(2\pi + x)}{\sin(2\pi + x)} = \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} = \cot x
  5. Step 5: Combine results: LHS =sin⁡xcos⁡x[tan⁡x+cot⁡x]= \sin x \cos x [\tan x + \cot x]. Write tan⁡x+cot⁡x=(sin⁡2x+cos⁡2x)/(sin⁡xcos⁡x)=1/(sin⁡xcos⁡x)\tan x + \cot x = (\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x)/(\sin x \cos x) = 1/(\sin x \cos x). Thus LHS =sin⁡xcos⁡x⋅1/(sin⁡xcos⁡x)=1= \sin x \cos x \cdot 1/(\sin x \cos x) = 1.

    tan⁡x+cot⁡x=sin⁡2x+cos⁡2xsin⁡xcos⁡x=1sin⁡xcos⁡x\tan x + \cot x = \frac{\sin^2 x + \cos^2 x}{\sin x \cos x} = \frac{1}{\sin x \cos x} LHS=sin⁡xcos⁡x⋅1sin⁡xcos⁡x=1\text{LHS} = \sin x \cos x \cdot \frac{1}{\sin x \cos x} = 1

    ∴ LHS = 1 = RHS