Question 48 of 50intermediate🔧 ApplyLong Answer4 marks

Find sin⁡x2\sin \frac{x}{2}, cos⁡x2\cos \frac{x}{2} and tan⁡x2\tan \frac{x}{2} in the following: tan⁡x=−43\tan x = -\frac{4}{3}, xx in quadrant II

Correct Answer
sin⁡(x2)=25,cos⁡(x2)=15,tan⁡(x2)=2\sin\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) = \frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}, \quad \cos\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}, \quad \tan\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) = 2
Exercise: MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE ON CHAPTER 3 | Q: 8 | (Page 29)
For More Understanding

Explanation

This question follows the same pattern as Example 21 in the textbook. The key steps involve finding cos⁡x\cos x first using the identity sec⁡2x=1+tan⁡2x\sec^2 x = 1 + \tan^2 x, determining the quadrant of x/2x/2 to decide signs, then applying the half-angle formulas.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Find cos⁡x\cos x.

    Since tan⁡x=−43\tan x = -\frac{4}{3} and xx lies in quadrant II, we have:

    sec⁡2x=1+tan⁡2x=1+169=259\sec^2 x = 1 + \tan^2 x = 1 + \frac{16}{9} = \frac{25}{9}

    Therefore sec⁡x=−53\sec x = -\frac{5}{3} (negative in quadrant II), giving:

    cos⁡x=−35\cos x = -\frac{3}{5}
  2. Step 2: Determine quadrant of x/2x/2.

    Since xx lies in quadrant II, π2<x<π\frac{\pi}{2} < x < \pi, which means:

    π4<x2<π2\frac{\pi}{4} < \frac{x}{2} < \frac{\pi}{2}

    Thus x/2x/2 lies in quadrant I where sin⁡\sin, cos⁡\cos, and tan⁡\tan are all positive.

  3. Step 3: Find sin⁡(x2)\sin\left(\frac{x}{2}\right).

    Using:

    2sin⁡2(x2)=1−cos⁡x=1−(−35)=852\sin^2\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) = 1 - \cos x = 1 - \left(-\frac{3}{5}\right) = \frac{8}{5}

    we get:

    sin⁡2(x2)=45\sin^2\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) = \frac{4}{5}

    Therefore:

    sin⁡(x2)=25\sin\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) = \frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}

    (positive in quadrant I)

  4. Step 4: Find cos⁡(x2)\cos\left(\frac{x}{2}\right).

    Using:

    2cos⁡2(x2)=1+cos⁡x=1+(−35)=252\cos^2\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) = 1 + \cos x = 1 + \left(-\frac{3}{5}\right) = \frac{2}{5}

    we get:

    cos⁡2(x2)=15\cos^2\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) = \frac{1}{5}

    Therefore:

    cos⁡(x2)=15\cos\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}

    (positive in quadrant I)

  5. Step 5: Find tan⁡(x2)\tan\left(\frac{x}{2}\right).

    tan⁡(x2)=sin⁡(x2)cos⁡(x2)=2515=2\tan\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) = \frac{\sin\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{\cos\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)} = \frac{\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}} = \mathbf{2}