The question requires calculating the probability of drawing a good pen versus a defective pen from a lot. The total number of outcomes is the total number of pens (144). For part (i), the favorable outcome is drawing a good pen. Since there are 20 defective pens, the number of good pens is 144 - 20 = 124. The probability is the ratio of good pens to total pens. For part (ii), the favorable outcome is drawing a defective pen (since she will not buy it), which is given directly as 20. The context provided includes similar problems (like Question 16 and 17) which establish the formula P(E) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes.